Mining Drilling Bits 

Penetration and wear are the two key elements of consistent drilling.

There are 3 main categories: soft, medium and hard formation drill bits

Soft formation rock bits are used in unconsolidated sands, clays, soft limestone, red beds and shale, etc.
 Medium formation bits are used in calcite, dolomite, lime stones, and hard shale.
 Hard formation bits are used in hard shale, calcite  mud-stones  cherty limestone and hard and abrasive formations.

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Non Coring Drill Bits

PDC NON CORING DRILL BITS

NON CORING DRILL BITS

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PDC DRILL BITS


PDC(polycrystalline diamond compact) 


PDC bits are also known as fixed cutters because, unlike the tricone bit, there is no movement relative to the bit head. PDC bits shear rock with diamond faced PDC cutters affixed to tungsten carbide.


With special high-frequency welding techniques , PDC of high wear resistance is welded to the body as cutting edges.

PDC  non coring drill bits is mainly used for geological prospecting,coal exploration,water conservancy, 
road construction, railway, bridge and building construction.

Features
1.       It has a super long life. The grinding/consumption ratio of PDC is 20-40 times that of tungsten carbide bit and 10 times that of diamond bit.

2.       It had high drilling speed.

3.       It can be operated with low pressure and low speed.

4.       It has a good gage protection.

5.       It can be used widely, more suitable for drilling in the stratum with formation

6.       It has a low cost


PDC cutters are created with high heat and high pressures. This creates a polycrystalline diamond compact. PDC cutters come in a variety of thicknesses for applications ranging from mining to oilfield.

PDC bits are used extensively in directional drilling. Directional drilling is used effectively in inland and offshore oil drilling, and natural gas drilling.

Fixed cutter bits are dull graded in the same way as tricones using the IADC Dull Grading 
 Classification System.

PDC drill bits, or fixed cutters, come in either :
matrix or 
steel body
Additionally, they are typically more heavy set as far as cutter count.


Steel body fixed cutters are made from a high alloy steel. These bits can sometimes be repaired and may be good for multiple runs, depending on the application.

Because steel is better able to withstand high impact, steel body bits are often designed with higher blade stand-off and cutter exposure, thus increasing ROP.

In applications of high fluid volume or high sand, matrix body bits offer longer life and multiple bit runs.
Cost is a major factor in drilling a well. Because tungsten carbide is more expensive than steel and matrix bodies generally contain more cutters, matrix is generally more expensive.

HOW PDC CUTTERS ARE MADE

PDC cutters are made using a combination of high heat and high pressure. Man made industrial diamonds can be made in 5-10 minutes. Because of this diamond content, a fixed cutter bit may also be known as a diamond drill bit.

High heat  plus pressure creates a polycrystalline diamond compact.
Cutters are made from a carbide substrate and diamond grit. High heat of around 2800 degrees and high pressure of approximately 1,000,000 psi forms the compact. A cobalt alloy is also present and acts as a catalyst to the sintering process. The cobalt helps bond the carbide and diamond.During the cooling process, the tungsten carbide shrinks at a rate of 2.5 times faster than the diamond. Controlling this stress, as with most aspects of PDC cutter design, is called Intellectual Property, and manufacturers rarely, if ever, share their secrets

PDC coring  drill  bits

PDC 4 BLADE CORE DRILL BITS

PDC 4&6 CORE BLADE DRILL BITS

DIAMOND INSERTS

PDC 12 BLADES CORE DRILL BITS

 PDC core drill bits is a kind of pipe-shaped drill bit . It is used for geological exploration, coal mining, water conservancy and hydro-power,  road construction, railway, bridge and building construction.


PDC Cutter Drill Inserts Sizes

DIAMOND CUTTING ELEMENTS

DIAMOND DRILLS INSERTS

Common Sizes of Diamond Drill Bits  Inserts

VARIETY OF SIZES,SHAPES AND DIAMOND THICKNES